Dipper for excavating machinery



Se t.

p 1927 w. M. BAGER ET AL DIPPER FOR EXCAVATING MACHINERY Original Filed Sept. 2, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet l 7 W a a m V W Z 0. 0 Ff Z I BZJM M T 111 m M Z fihr w" m; r r T- |L LL If k i ii w k x i e r F ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 13, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM; M. BAGER, WERNER LEHMAN, AND FREDERICK CARL RUHLOFF, OF SOUTH MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

DIPPER FOR EXCAVATING- MACHINERY.

Application filed September 2, 1925, Serial No. 54,025. Renewed November 10, 1926.

This invention relates to dippers used on excavating machinery, and has particular reference to the construction of such dippers by casting them in two pieces; and has furtherparticular reference to the construction, arrangement,- and means of attachment of the teeth that are applied to the forward or cutting edge of the dipper front, and to the corresponding form and construction of said dipper front.

W e are aware that a two-piece dipper is not new in the art; but heretofore the plane of division between the two parts has been taken parallel to the front, or digging face, of the dipper; whereas we have effected a great improvement by making the plane of division substantially parallel to the bottom, or door, of the dipper.

Departing from all former methods of construction, our invention dividesthe dipper in a novel way, in that we are combining in one unitary casting the entire upper part of the dipper, carrying the cutting lip and teeth and the principal attachment lugs; while the lower part virtually forms merely a receptacle and discharging means for the excavated material.

The digging resistance is applied directly at that portion of the upper part which contains the teeth, and the power is applied. at the bail attachment, both of these bein on the same casting, and the horizontal p a nev of junction being one in which no stress is transmitted from lip to bail. There are no excessive strains on the junction of the two members, as there would be on a two-piece dipper divided vertically as heretofore. Hence no great multiplicity of rivets or bolts is required to hold the two pieces together. Furthermore our few bolts have their lengths lying in the direction of the maximum component of the stress at the junction, and are therefore primarily in tension. The small amount of shear is entirely taken up by surrounding a few of the bolts by shear plugs, finished to a perfect fit. All our bolts are well protected, and are easily removable by'the ordinary shovel crew.

The upper and lower pieces may be made of metals differing in composition and characteristics, suiting the composition of each to the Work which it isrequired to do.

The two portions of the dipper join on a finished face, and the bolt holes are drilled to template, thus insuring perfect fit in replacements.

The combination, with the upper half of the dipper, of attachments for back-brace, bail, and teeth, has enabled us to make various'other economies in cost, time and labor, which are not obtainable with a two-piece dipper divided as heretofore, in a plane substantially parallel to the cutting front.

The upper casting of our dipper includes all the usual wearing parts, and if worn out will require lessreplacement than in the case of dippers with a vertical front casting. The shape of the dipper front and the location of the tooth points are such that we can expect greatly reduced wear of the bottom band compared to that of the old design clippers.

Our dipper-front construction is novel in the manner in which the two walls of which the front is composed are held apart by hori-- zontal ribs or webs, and are joined together between the teeth to form a cutting edge. The front is therefore virtially a double trussed structure. Although in the accompanying drawings our dipper-front is shown as havin the arch form which is approved for certain classes of excavating work, the invention is as easily applicable to the straight form of front which is desirable in such work as coal-stripping.

With our form of dipper-front, itris, also possible to place a tooth considerably nearer to the corner of the dip er than is usual. This is especially desirable in rock work, and serves to reduce the wear upon the lip at the corners.

The two plates of the front, together with the horizontal webs which space them apart, form sockets providing a very rigid holding for the teeth. The joinings of the two plates at the lip hold the tooth effectively against any sidewise motion. @111 very rigidly trussed sockets therefore serve better than four-walled soclrets which latter would be extremely difficult to cast for proper fit of the tooth. A tour-walled socket would require either a careful machi ing of at least two of the walls, or else securing the tooth in place by bolts or similar means, which is troublesome; Whereas, in the case of our socket, is a simple matter to chip the edges of our webs so as to fit our teeth, and thus hold them in place by triction'alone. Furthermore inasmuch as our sockets open into each other, it is much easier to free them of dirt than if they each "formed a closed receptacle, This ease oi cleaning is especially evident at the bottom, where, on two opposite sides, the soclret is accessible from the outside.

At the base of each tooth-socket we pro vide a hole, for the in ertion of a tool to drive the tooth out of the socket when it is desired to repoint or replace it.

As our sockets are all identically of the same standard form, any tooth may be used in any socket, since our invention contemplates making all teeth of the same form in that portion of their length which is inserted in the socket. lt is, however, quite within the domain at our invention to provide teeth whose cutting portion may be any one or several difierent standard forms, the particular form used being dependent upon the character of the work to be done The same teeth will also be applicable to differentiiorrns of excavator, such as shovel, dredge, etc.

Since our tooth is held frictionally, instead as heretofore by some such means as a bolt, it also becomes possible to advance the tooth with respect to the lip, by inserting a.

filler or spacer within the socket at the base of a tooth which has been shortened by wear.

The upper side portion of the dipper has a dare at the bail attachment, so that the bail does not project inwardly beyond the normal face of the dipper, thereby interfering with digging. This dare also permits a simplified bail lug connection, reducing the usual projection of the side lugs, which in rock work are subject to excessive abrasion.

The bail ends are bifurcated and'are made exceptionally heavy, so that they may give longer service, As the wear is mostly on the front side of the bail ends and as our bail is reversible, this reversibility provides two wearing surfaces, thus increasing the life of the bail.

The lower half of the dipper combines in one unitary casting the connections for the door and the handle and an integral latchkeeper. This lower casting is made with inside dimensions at the bottom slightly larger than those at the top, this flare increasing the ease of dumpin A latch-keeper made integral with the dipper, which construction is particularly desirable in rock worlr, eliminates one trouble which the separately cast and attached latchireeper frequently causes by becoming loose.

The door is of the usual construction, pro vided with a wearing-plate at the center for rock worlr.

F rorn the foregoing it is evident that we have providedjeu dipper applicable to various types of excavating machinery, that is novel, strong, durable, relatively light in weight, economical in cost, easily assembled or disassembled, and can be repaired with a minimum oi delay; besides being equipped with a cutting tooth that is simple in construction, interchangeably to any socket, easily'attached and easily removed for replacement or repointing, and rigidly held in its operative position.

@ther objects and advantages of our invention will be evident to those skilled in the art, and therefore need not be herein more specifically set forth.

The invention consists in the novel parts and in the combinations and arrangements defined in the appended claims, and or which one embodiment is exemplified in the accompanying drawings, which are hereinafter particularly described and explained,

Throughout, the same reference number is applied to the same or similar members. The sections in all cases are as viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of our improved dippcr,

Figure 2 is a plan view, parts being removed from the upper left-hand portion to show a section along the line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a front elevation, showing the dipper teeth in place.

Figure a is a plan view of half of the bolting flange.

Figure 5 is a section of the side of the dipper, taken along the line 55 of Figure l.

Figure 6 is a section of the side of the dipper, taken along the line 86 of Figure 1.

Figure 7 is a section of the dipper front, taken along the line 77 of Figure 3.

Figure 8 is a section of the dipper front, taken along the line 8-8 of Figure 3, showing the dipper tooth in position.

Figure 9 is a detail section, taken along the line 99 of Figure l, showing the bolt and shear plug at the joining flanges.

Our improved dipper consists of an integrally cast upper, or digging, member 1, and an integrally cast lower, or carrying, mem her 2. the plane of division 3 being hori- Zontal. I F

The upper casting i has integral therewith around the periphery of its open lower end. and projectingoutwardly from the sides of the dipper, a bolting-flange l whose lower face is finished and abuts the finished upper face of bolting-flange 5, the latter being at the upper periphery of casting 2 and integral therewith.

These two bolting flanges 4, 5, are exactly similar in plan, and both lie entirely outside-of the volume defined by the inner faces of the dipper. They are both provided with a number of bolt holes 6, 7, drilled to template,' for the reception of bolts 8, 9, with nuts 11..

Of the bolt-holes 6, 7, certain ones, numbered 7, are enlarged throughout a portion of their length for the reception of a shearplug 10, through which the bolt 9 passes.

This construction is shown in detail in Figure 9.

The bail 13 has integral therewith the padlock-sheave-housing 14 for the padlock sheave (not. shown); andthe ends of the bail are bifurcated for the reception of the bail in 15 between the bifurcations 16, 17. The bail lug is integral with the upper casting 1, which is reinforced by the flange 12*, and is hingedly connected with the bail by the bail pin 18.

The upper portion 19 of the side of the upper casting 1 is flared out adjacent the bail lug 15, in order that the inner bifurcation 16 of the bail end shall not project inward beyond the normal inner face of the dipper. I I

The upper edge ofthe-back of the dipper has integral therewith a flange 20 which serves to stiffen the dipper and, in conjunction with the flange 12. to hold integrally the back-brace'lugs 21. which lugs are therefore integral with the casting 1. The backbrace lugs are pin-connected to the backbrace (not shown), through the eye 22. The flange 12 furthermore serves as a protection to bolts 8;

In the upper casting 1, the dipper front consists of an outer wall 23 and an inner wall 24. of which walls the upper portions, at all points except at the spaces occupied by the teeth 25, converge to form a single cutting edge or lip :26: The lip is reinforced by thickening-the casting at 27.

The teeth occupy sockets 28, two opposite walls of which are formed by the outer and inner walls 23. 24of the dipper front. There are no lateral walls to the sockets. the teeth being laterally held in place by the lipforming joining of the two said walls 23, 24 at their upper part adjacent the 11p 26, in conjunction with the upper andlower reinforcing webs 29, 30v respectively. These reinforcing webs, except at the spaces filled by the teeth 25. extend horizontally from the outer wall 23 to theinner wall 24.

At the spaces occupied bv the teeth 25 the outer wall 23 is rolonged downward to a continuity with the bolting flange 4; while at the interspaces between the teeth the outer wall 23 is not continued below the lower reinforcing web 30. Thus there is formed, at each interspace, an aperture '31, to facilitate the insertion or removal of the bolts 8, 9.

At the base of each tooth socket 28, and central to the base of each tooth 25, the. bolting flanges 4, 5, have a hole 32 drilled through them. As the teeth. are merely frictionally held in the socket, they may easily be removed for repointing or renewal by inserting a short bar in the hole 32 and driving the bar with a hammer. When the tooth wears and becomes shorter, it may be advanced with respect to the socket by inserting in the socket at the base of the tooth a filler or spacer .33, of the same cross section as the tooth.

The lower member 2 has integrally cast therewith handle-connections 34 to which the handle (not shown) is pin-connected. door-hinge lugs 35 to which the door-hinge 36 is pin-connected, a latch-keeper 37, and the bolting flange 5 before described. To these may be added flanges 38 which serve to brace the lugs 34, 35, flanges 39, 40, to brace the bolting flange 5, the latter also stiffening the front and being prolonged downwardly to the bottom band 44 later to bedescribed.

The door hinge 36-carrics the door 41. which carries a latch (not shown), and is of the usual construction and need not be more particularly described.

The latch-keeper 37 has the usual latch hole42 which is provided with a renewable tool-steel bar 43 at the edge which engages the latch.

The bottom of the casting 2 is provided with a bottom band 44 asreinforcement; It is to be noted. especially from Figures 7 and 8, that the bottom band 44 does not project "outwardly beyond the plane tangent to the upper part of the dipper front. andtherefore opposes no resistance to the digging; 1 i

The figures show that there are no bolts or rivets in the body of the dipper, the few bolts used being all in the bolting flanges 4, 5. They also show quite clearly that in the interior of the dipper there are neither projections nor excrescences to obstruct digging or dumping, nor any hollow or pocket to become filled with the excavated material. It may also be seen, especially'from Figure 1, that the lower casting 2 flares out. the area of the bottom opening being greater than that of the top. This also aids in attaining ease of dumping.

Having now particularly described and illustrated one form of our improved dipper for excavating machinery, we claim:

1. An excavating dipper, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined, the joint cutting the back, the two sides and the front of the dipper, the upper one of said parts being provided with means for the at tachment of the hoisting means and with means for the attachment of the handle braces and with means for holding the cutting means, and the lower one of said parts being provided with means for the attachment of the dipper-handle and with means for the attachment of the door hinges; whereby the bending moment 'due to hoisting takes place in one integral part of said dipper, and the shear dueto hoisting is eliminated.

2. An excavating dipper, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined, the

joint cutting the baclr, the two sides and the front of the dipper, the upper one of said parts being provided with means for the attachment of the hoisting means and with means for the attachment of supporting ans and with means for holding the cut ting means, and the lower one of said parts being provided with means for the attach merit of supporting; means and with means .for the attachment of the door hinges;

' "ii hereby the bending moment due hoisting takes place in one integral part of said dipper, and the shear due hoisting is eliminated 3. An excavating" dipper, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being jc ued by means of two outwardly extending flanges secured together,

A dipper or similar excavating unit, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-nietal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined by means of two outwardly ex= tending flanges secured together, the joint cutting the back, the two sides the front of the dipper,

5. A di er or similar excavating unit, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined by meansof two outwardly extending flanges secured together, the joint cutting the back, the two sides and the front dipper, each of said parts stitisued by longitudinal transverse outweirdly-extending flanges,

3. A dipper or similar excavating unit, the body portion of which is made of two cast-metal parts, secured together form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined by means of two outwardly extendingv flanges secured together, the joint cutting the back,

the two sides and the front 0x the dipper,

" measles each of said .parts being stifiened by outwardly-extending flanges,

7. A dipper or similar excavating unit, the

body portion of which is made up or" two.

cast-metal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined by means of two outwardly extending flanges secured together by bolts, the joint cutting the back, the two sides and the front or the dipper, each of said partsbeing stillened by outwardly-extending flanges, one of said stiffening flanges being adjacent and parallel to said securing flanges, thus serving to protect said bolts,

8. A dipper or similar excavating unit, the body portion or" which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined by means "of two outwardly extending flanges secured together by downwardly extending bolts, the joint cutting the back, the two sides and the front of the dip per, each of said parts being stinlened by outwardly-extending nges.

A dipper or similar excavating unit, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured. together to form a unitary body portion, said oarts being joined by means of two outwardly extending flanges secured together, the joint cutting the back, the two sides and the front the dipper, each of said parts being stilicued by ou'wardly-extending flanges, all flanges and other projections lying entirely outside the volume defined by the inner faces of the dipper, so that a smooth surface is presented to the excavated material.

10. A dipper or similar excavating unit. tne body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal carts, secured together to form a uni ary-body portion, said "parts being joined, 'he joint cutting the back, the two sides and the front of the dinper, the lower one of said parts having its interior flare outwardly downwardly, so as to facilh tate the dumping of excavated material.

11. A dipper or similar excavating unit, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined, the joint cutting the back, the two sides the front the dipper, the upper one of said parts having sockets for the insertion of digging teeth, said teeth beheld therein merely friction.

12. A dipper or sirni or excavating unit, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured together to form a unitary body portion, said parts being joined by means of two outwardly extending flanges secured together by bolts passing through holes therein, the joint cutting the back, the two sides and the front of dipper, each of said parts being stiffened by lUU outwardly-exteriding flanges, said holes being enlarged through part of their lengths,

' for the insertion of shear-plugs,

13. An excavating dipper, the body portion of which is made up of two cast-metal parts, secured together to f0rma unitary body portion, said parts being joined by a joint extending transversely of said body ortion, the front faee of the lower part bemg undercut with respect to the upper part, 10 so' that the lower part will take a, lesser portion 9f the wear incident to digging.

WILLIAM 'M. BAGER. WERNER LEHMALL F. CARL RUHLQFF. 

